Pavlov's dogs

Pavlov, accidently, discovered that dogs salivate when they expect food, even if the food is not visible. The act of salivating when there is food is a natural response, a reflex, and it is not learned. However, Pavlov noticed that he could teach the dogs to associate something that has nothing to do with the food, what was named neutral stimulus, with the food, producing in them the same response than the food.
In Pavlov's experiment, he used a bell as a neutral stimulus; each time that he gave the dogs food he rang the bell. After a while, only with the sound of the bell the dogs salivate, so they learnt to associate the bell with the food.

References
McLeod, S. (2015). Pavlov’s Dogs | Simply Psychology. Simplypsychology.org. Retrieved 29 October 2015, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/pavlov.html

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning, also named psychology of learning, is one of the three sections of behaviourism, and possibly the most famous one.

Classical Conditioning explains that everything in the human behaviour can be explained by a pattern of stimulus-response.  In addition, individual differences are explained as a disparity on the way of learning.

John Watson believed that you can adjust any person or animal behaviour by conditioning it, this is to say, to induce them to behave in a certain way. This is based in Pavlov's dog experiments.

References
McLeod, S. (2015). Classical Conditioning | Simply Psychology. Simplypsychology.org. Retrieved 29 October 2015, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/classical-conditioning.html

Behaviourism assumptions.

-Behaviourism was mainly developed during 1920 and 1950.
- It uses the scientific method, data is collected by controlled observation. Therefore, in contrast to psychoanalysis, it makes able to predict behaviour.
-Observable behaviour is the main concern of behaviourism, rather than emotions or thoughts, that are not given excessive relevance.
-We are born with our mind in a blank state, and everything we learn is by the environment that surround us.
-Animals and human beings have a very similar way of learning.
-Behaviour is the result of a stimulus, so it is a stimulus-response correlation.
-Behaviour is learned by classical or Operant Conditioning.

References
McLeod, S. (2015). Behaviorism | Simply Psychology. Simplypsychology.org. Retrieved 15 October 2015, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/behaviorism.html